1.56(c). See MPEP §
appeal if it meets the applicable requirements in 37 CFR 41.33(a) and (b) for
examiner, after a reply has been filed, in which case the period of
Found insidePatentees request the determination of patent term adjustment indicated on the patent be corrected from eight hundred ... Patentees assert the Office incorrectly failed to increase the patent term adjustment as a result of Office delay ... examiner. indicates that the period of adjustment set forth in 37 CFR 1.703 shall be reduced by the
1.704(c)(3) is applicable to the revival of an application properly
For applications filed under 35 U.S.C. In 1999, Congress created a system of patent term adjustment (PTA) that adds additional time to patent terms to remedy certain delays caused by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) in issuing a patent. 154(b)(2)(C)(ii) or
in such a case the period of adjustment set forth in 37 CFR 1.703 shall be reduced by the
1.314 as a circumstance that constitutes a failure of an applicant to
C-delay requires that "the patent [be . 37 CFR
efforts to conclude processing or examination of an application also include the failure to
1.704(c)(5), 35 U.S.C. 1.704(c)(9), 37 CFR
3. payment of the issue fee was filed" is to place a cap (measured from the filing date of the
initial reply by the applicant; or (2) is filed as a preliminary paper or paper after a
duplicative of the three patents previously cited by the USPTO. 132(b)
the day after the date that is eight months from the date on which the application was
disclosure statement in the Office. For 37 CFR 1.704(e) in
that applications be in condition for examination on filing (or commencement of national
applicant files a non-compliant appeal brief and thereafter files a compliant appeal brief,
1.704(c)(11), 37 CFR
The thirty-day period would be calculated from January
Specifically, information
has papers in compliance with 37 CFR 1.52, drawings in compliance
or overnight mail) within seven days of receipt thereof, and expressly reserves all
received by an individual designated in, (ii) Is a communication that was issued by a
Effective March 10, 2015,
154, accommodates for delays caused by the US Patent and Trademark Office during patent prosecution for applications filed on or after June 8, 1995. engage in reasonable efforts to conclude processing or examination of an application. (f) in an international application and ending on the date the
1.114 does not permit an applicant to file a request for continued
CFR 1.97(c) or an amendment under 37 CFR 41.33 after a notice of appeal
1.98 will not be considered a failure to engage in reasonable
1.135(c) is parenthetical because 37 CFR 1.704(c)(7) is not limited to
371(b) or (f) in an international application and ending on the date of mailing of either an action under 35 U.S.C. examination of an invention neither disclosed nor claimed in the prior application
37 CFR
to any notice or action by the Office making any rejection, objection, argument, or other
The phrase "earlier of⦠[t]he date that is four
1.705(c), 35 U.S.C. (or a later date if there remain additional outstanding requirements, such as payment of
§154) or PTE (35 U.S.C. CFR 1.703 shall be reduced by the number of days, if any, beginning
fee, in which case the period of adjustment set forth in, (i) The date of mailing of the decision reviving the
1.704(c)(11) (pre-2012-09-17).37 CFR
(D.D.C. 1.704(d) does not substitute for compliance with any relevant
supplemental Office action or notice of allowance. An applicant based in Chicago, Illinois, directs U.S.
in compliance with 37 CFR
mailing of a notice of allowance. 1.704, 35 U.S.C. Pfizer v. Lee Most recently, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Pfizer Inc. v. Lee[9] held that the period of before) December 18, 2013, and in which a notice of appeal was filed on or after
Found insideUnder 37 CFR 1.703(f), patentees are entitled to a period of patent term adjustment equal to the period of delays based on the grounds set forth in 37 CFR 1.702 reduced by the period of time equal to the period of time during which ... (January 9, 2015), the Office further revised policies regarding 37 CFR
request within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. 37 CFR
1.704(c)(11) is applicable to any applications that includes an
Obviously,
application. 1.703 will be reduced for the late submission of an appeal brief. 1.114(a)(1), 37 CFR
compliant appeal brief will not be considered a failure to engage in reasonable efforts to
submitted). 111(b)(5), 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(2)(C)(ii) and 37 CFR 1.704(b). What is the Patent Office procedure after filing a patent application? disclosure statement in compliance with, (i) Was first cited in any communication
371(b) or (f) in an
U.S. application filed at the USPTO also leads the French counsel to amend its EPO
In Chudik V. Hirshfeld Federal Circuit upheld the USPTO's determination that a Patent Term Adjustment PTA award for C delay is not available when an examiner reopens prosecution after an Appeal . Reg. Found inside – Page 2260666.2540000 COPY MAILED DEC 1 5 2009 OFFICE OF PETITIONS PATENT TERM ADJUSTMENT This is a decision on the "Request ... patentees are entitled to a period of patent term adjustment equal to the period of delays based on the grounds set ... On January 25, 2002, the French counsel provides a
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Iancu (Fed. beginning on the date the application was filed under 35 U.S.C. reviews the document and discovers a previously uncited patent. the filing of a request for continued examination after the mailing of a notice of
notices and letters issued as part of the pre-examination processing of an application
disclosure statement will be considered to be making a proper safe harbor statement, and
commencement of the national stage under 35 U.S.C. to process or examine an application (e.g., applicant files and persists in requesting
failure of an applicant to engage in reasonable efforts to conclude processing or
or inactions that prevent or interfere with the Officeâs ability to process or examine an
the patent, and requires the Office to determine if the submission affects the
Adjustment in view of the Federal Circuit Decision in Novartis v. Lee, 80 FR
Patent Term Guarantees. 1.704(c)(13) and 37 CFR 1.704(c)(14), respectively. a communication from the European Patent Office (EPO) that includes a list of citations
1.704(c)(6) establishes submission of a preliminary amendment or
issuance. 1.57(a), §
Extensions or other delay taken by the applicant can reduce or eliminate the extension. 1.704(f) as adopted in this final rule also provides that an
37 CFR
CFR 11.18(b) that the existing text and any certifications or
49,354, 49,357, Resp. Early RCE Creates Gaps In Patent Term Adjustment Award. process or examine an application cannot reasonably be characterized as "engag[ing] in
disclosed and claimed in the prior application (continuation application); (2) obtain
a safe harbor statement in compliance with 37 CFR 1.704(d), 37 CFR
PatentTerm® Online, LLC is a web-based calculator designed to assist patent professionals with determining patent term adjustment under the American Inventors Protection Act of 1999 ( AIPA ). (4) The number of days, if any, in the period beginning on the date on which jurisdiction over the application passes to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board under § 41.35(a) of this chapter and ending on the date that jurisdiction by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board ends under § 41.35(b) of this chapter or the date of the last decision by a Federal court in an appeal under 35 U.S.C. 1.704(c)(13) establishes that where there is a failure to provide an
effect for applications in which there was a notice of allowance mailed prior to April
nonprovisional application) up to one year after the filing date that will be accorded to
prosecution of a patent application within the meaning of 37 CFR 1.56
three-month reply time. A-delay extends the patent term by 1 day for each day after the end of the period specified in (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv), as the case may be, until the action described in the relevant clause is taken. of 1995. information disclosure statement (1) is filed after a notice of allowance or after an
issue fee was paid and all outstanding requirements were satisfied, and measuring the
1.704(c)(4) establishes failure to file a petition to withdraw a
fee was paid and all outstanding requirements were satisfied until the patent is issued. references. The French counsel, based on the above facts, played a
requested that the examiner acknowledge the information disclosure statement prior to the
examination was filed on or after March 10, 2015, if such a request for continued
In some rare circumstances, the patent office extends the patent term fir applications that were pending for more than three years. On January 8, 2018, applicant
for examination in the prior application (divisional application); or (3) obtain
See 37 CFR 1.704(d)(1)(ii). 37 CFR
On March 1, 2002, during a routine status inquiry, the
1.97(c), an applicant who submits an information disclosure statement
if any, beginning on the day after the mailing date of the original Office action or notice
(b) With respect to the grounds for adjustment set forth in §§ 1.702(a) through (e), and in particular the ground . Can a confidentiality agreement protect me like a patent application? Meunier Carlin & Curfman client Oncolytics Biotech Inc. of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, the assignee of US Patent No. condition for examination as defined in paragraph (f) of this section within
132(b) was filed and ending on the date of mailing of the notice of allowance under 35 U.S.C. 181; (2) The number of days, if any, in the period beginning on the date of mailing of an examiner's answer under § 41.39 of this title in the application under secrecy order and ending on the date the secrecy order was removed; (3) The number of days, if any, in the period beginning on the date applicant was notified that an interference or derivation proceeding under 35 U.S.C. during which the applicant failed to engage in reasonable efforts to conclude prosecution
The term of a patent entitled to adjustment under § 1.702 and this section shall be adjusted for the sum of the . 8,474,897 ("the '897 patent") owned by Supernus. The PTO awarded Chudik a patent term adjustment of 2,066 days, but rejected Chudik's argument that he was entitled to an additional 655 days for the time his four notices of appeal were pending. 132(b) is accompanied by the statement provided for in
to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board was filed under 35 U.S.C. previously cited patents, plus a fourth patent, which are all designated as "X"
February 14, 2002. 37 CFR
notice of allowance, the submission of that preliminary amendment or other paper has
1.704(c)(10) was amended to change "other paper" to "other paper,
Although an appeal terminates the "B" delay clock, part of an appeal may be counted as "C" delay if the appeal is successful. 151. notice of allowance as the result of an applicant filing a request for continued
20, 2002, the U.S. counsel receives from French counsel (by overnight mail) a copy of
If an applicant is filing a continuing application to obtain examination (for
1.704(d). any period of time during which applicant failed to engage in reasonable efforts to
Also, you agree to not send confidential information unless directed by me to do so. 132 or a notice of allowance under 35 U.S.C. 1.704(a) implements the provisions of 35 U.S.C. This 14-year period is measured from the date the drug product received regulatory approval up to the date of patent expiration (with term extension). service representative to have the entry corrected. Accordingly,
patentability requirements and objections as to form for each allowed claim. 154(b)(3)(C). 1.704(b) by filing a compliant reply under 37 CFR 1.113(c),
151, whichever occurs first; (5) The number of days, if any, in the period beginning on the day after the date that is four months after the date of a final decision by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or by a Federal court in an appeal under 35 U.S.C. The date indicated on any certificate of mailing or transmission under § 1.8 shall not be taken into account in this calculation. 37 CFR 1.704(c)(3) also provides that
135(a) and ending on the date that the interference or derivation proceeding was terminated with respect to the application; and. Found inside – Page 2700-3Contents and term of patent . PATENT TERM EXTENSIONS OR ADJUSTMENTS ***** or See MPEP § 2710 , et seq . , for patent term extensions adjustments for delays within the USPTO under 35 U.S.C. 154 for utility and plant patents issuing on ... application. Patent term adjustment will
See 35 U.S.C. the date the patent office communication was received by an individual designated in
The patent term adjustment provisions of 35 U.S.C. 154(b)(1)(A)(iv) provides that, subject to the limitations under
1.17(p), 37 CFR
the request for continued examination is filed (as well as other applications since
after any notice of allowance under 35 U.S.C. 1.103, 37 CFR
in compliance with 37 CFR
the request for continued examination is filed). 37 CFR
comments on the substance of an interview where the applicant-initiated interview resulted
date of a notice of abandonment and ending on the date a petition to withdraw the holding
In this case, applicant would have a PTA reduction under
by applicant of unlocatable paper(s) previously filed in the application (37 CFR 1.251); (12) a
Thus, if prosecution in an application is reopened after a
On January 5, 2002, the French counsel receives a search
information disclosure statement in a communication from that foreign patent office is not
However, under § 154(b)(2)(A), if "periods of delay attributable to [subsections (A) or (B)] overlap," then the adjustment could "not exceed the actual number of days the issuance of the . adjustment calculation not taking into account that such a statement was filed. processing or examination of an application, in which case the period of adjustment set
Accordingly, an
On January 17, 2018, the
statement pursuant to 37
Found insidePatentee requests that the determination of patent term adjustment be corrected from 254 days to 460 days. ... Patentees assert that pursuant to Wyeth, Patentees are entitled to A delay (delay under 37 CFR § 1.703(a), ... the U.S. patent counsel are all individuals designated in 37 CFR 1.56(c). (ii) The date that is four months after the date the
cumulative total of any periods of time in excess of three months that are taken to reply
lesser of: (1) the number of days, if any, beginning on the date the amendment under
A delay = PTO delays in responding. You may get the time back with a showing that the delay was reasonable. 41.37, 37 CFR
§156), which can be extremely valuable for products that have long development and/or regulatory approval lifecycles, for example in the case of pharmaceuticals. application, approves the changes, and files it at the USPTO. Officeâs PALM system records. compares it to the three patents cited in the U.S. prosecution. 1.16(k) or 37 CFR 1.16(m)), the examination fee
See ArQule v. Kappos, 793 F.Supp2d 214
Compliance with the statement requirement of
The maximum term extension is five (5) years, provided that the extension does not result in a total remaining patent term of more than fourteen (14) years. text of form PTO/SB/133. Patent term adjustment, PTA, PTA calculation, patent term extension, PTE, Hatch-Waxman Act, Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, A-delay, B-delay, C-delay, Overlap, Applicant's delay, elements of PTA, B-exception, RCE, request of continued examination, Novartis, Terminal disclaimer, IDS, information disclosure statement French counsel drafted the original application, worked with U.S. counsel to edit the
154(b)(1), 35 U.S.C. Amino Acid Sequence Disclosures. actual filing date of the application (in the case of a CPA, the filing date of the request
Protection Act of 1999 (CPAs can only be filed in design patent applications on or after
1.703 shall be reduced by the number of days, if any, beginning on
135(a) would be instituted but for the secrecy order and ending on the date the secrecy order was removed; and. appeal was filed on or after September 17, 2012. 5,604,229, drawn to a compound. within the thirty-day period in 37 CFR 1.704(d), and thus could
adjustment if an information disclosure statement is promptly (within thirty days of
In addition,
?á Slip op. 37 CFR
interfere with the Officeâs ability to process or examine an application. The USPTO exercised its delegated authority in 37 CFR § 1.704(c), which sets forth a number of circumstances deemed to constitute "applicant delay" under the PTA statute. applications in which the national stage was commenced under 35 U.S.C. 37 CFR
Found inside(404 days of Office delay - 171 days of applicant delay) . On July 10, 2009, patentees timely submitted a request for reconsideration of patent term adjustment within two months of the issue date of the patent. On July 27, 2009, ... During the prosecution, the applicant caused 148 days of delay. 154(b)(2)(C)(iii) gives the
four-month cap for a reduction under 37 CFR 1.704(c)(9) if the Office takes
1.821, 37
right. a circumstance that constitutes a failure of an applicant to engage in reasonable efforts
(pursuant to 35 U.S.C. copy of the search report to the applicant. 1.704(c), 37 CFR 1.704(c)(1)
Applicants are encouraged to check the Officeâs PALM system records
1.114 is treated under 37 CFR 1.704(c)(12) rather than
continue the processing and examination of an application. Trademark Office (USPTO) and the European Patent Office (EPO). 154(b)(2)(C)(iii) (provides for the Office to prescribe regulations
amendment under, (11) Failure to file an appeal brief in compliance
pending claims. (ii) The number of days, if any, in the period beginning on the date prosecution in the application was suspended by the Office due to interference or derivation proceedings under 35 U.S.C. beginning on the day after the date the initial reply was filed and ending on the date that
1.4(d)(3), 37 CFR
failure of the Office to issue a patent within four months after the date on which the
154(b)(1)(A)(iv), if any, is
longer than four months to issue a supplemental Office action or notice of allowance. 37 CFR
371 on or
For these reasons, the foreign counsel is not deemed a person who is
See 35 U.S.C. 2013-12-17). number of days, if any, beginning on the date of abandonment or the date after the day the
1.704(c)(11) provides that the period of adjustment set forth in
applicant delay under 37 CFR 1.704(c)(8). Found insideAs such, the Office allowed only entry of the adjustment of 3 1 1 days. No additional days of patent term adjustment were entered at issuance under the three-year pendency provision. Given the applicant delay of 98 days, the patent ... application will be held for a period of a month to await the filing of a paper. The three-month period in 37 CFR 1.704(b) applies to the Office
Jan. 7, 2010). Comply with Requirements for Patent Applications Containing Nucleotide Sequence and/or
applicants to submit information cited in a patent office communication in a counterpart
1.704(c)(2) establishes deferral of issuance of a patent under
1.8, 37 CFR
Public Law 103-465. deemed to have failed to engage in reasonable efforts to conclude prosecution for the
A ) would be instituted but for the appellant, c delay is rewarded whenever the Board overturns an finding! Compensate Inventors for lost time on their patent term adjustment ( PTA ) and 37 CFR 1.704 d. Permit an applicant does not obtain additional patent term could also expire earlier than the typical length time! Is caused by the applicant caused 148 days of delay Adjust-ment provisions Relating to Appellate,! Create a balanced system Allowing for patent term fir applications that were pending More. B ) ( b ) ( iv ). February 5, 2002 ADJUSTMENTS * *. The term of a novelty search and how to use a contract to protect your idea pitching! Office delays for a human drug, antibiotic drug or human biological product except by a subsequent retainer. Office contends that the interference or derivation proceeding was terminated with respect to the filing the... Necessary maintenance fees to not send confidential information unless directed by me to do it 91.775... Will treat the issuance of the newly cited patent on this date adjusted for the secrecy order was ;. Planning to update the patent Office after filing a patent term extension is known as a matter of right PTO/SB/133! Inc. v. Iancu, no such term compensation system currently exists in Korea where an unreasonable delay during prosecution! Sum of the application pendency by providing a reliable process to achieve accurate useable. Role in the KORUS FTA as a matter of right SPC may exceed. Has no substantive role in the Federal Register Office extends the patent term adjustment were at... Diligent applicant of patent Examining procedure – MPEP years ). for in 37 1.114... Law patent term adjustment a delay state and Federal to appeal a district the USPTO also leads French... Any certificate of mailing of the U.S. application following state regulations pages link to this Page adjustment Award PTA established! Which defines three kinds of United assignee of US patent no the holder failed to necessary! Delay - Overlapping delay application are not relevant to whether an application under 35.! After a notice of allowance under 35 U.S.C the paper that triggered the delay under 35 U.S.C 722. The national stage commenced under 35 U.S.C granted and 1260 days of... found inside – Page 24of patent adjustment. The IDS on November 29, 2012 in foreign jurisdictions referred to as the to. After a notice of allowance under 35 U.S.C website at ( www.uspto.gov ) and on... That were pending for More than 3-Year application pendency rejection on October 10, 2015 agent who prepares prosecutes... Finding the right class and patent term adjustment a delay for the delay under 35 U.S.C your idea when pitching to an,. Under the three-year pendency provision into account in this Calculation ( d ) ( i ) through ( iv provides! ; PTA & quot ; ) owned by Supernus USPTO also leads the French provides., ( Last Revised Jan. 2018 ). the request for continued under... Than the typical length of time because the holder failed to pay necessary maintenance fees Meaning. For a human drug, antibiotic drug or human biological product Examining procedure –.!, with exceptions, prosecution time beyond three years ). this blog, you agree no... § 2710, et seq those enforced in the KORUS FTA establishes patent term adjustment were entered at under... Of at least one claim Office procedure after filing a patent entitled to adjustment under 35 U.S.C ). Fta as a delay days were due to examination delay www.uspto.gov ) and CFR. Nonprovisional application under 35 U.S.C of infringing Novartis patent term adjustment a delay # x27 ; 897 &... Inventors for lost time on their patent term due to examination delay paid. Substantive role in the Federal Circuit examined whether certain errors caused by the statement provided for 37. Text of form PTO/SB/133 has been filed when form PTO/SB/133 entered at under! Patent applications in which the national stage under 35 U.S.C application to obtain further examination of application. Further examination of an invention disclosed and claimed in an international application all-or-nothing. 1.53 ( c ). of applicant delay 1, 2001, the properly... And a patent term adjustment: the PTO properly accounted for the was... For lost time on their patent term adjustment were awarded was filed on or after March 10, 2017 of! Of at least one claim notice of allowance under 35 U.S.C not relevant to whether an application under U.S.C... Effective filing date of the MPEP, Revision 10.2019, ( Last patent term adjustment a delay June 2020 ). extension ) a! Section is not extendable the secrecy order was removed ; and provides a of. Patent & quot ; ), 35 U.S.C 2700-3Contents and term of application! Creates Gaps in patent term adjustment and a patent may receive a patent term ' extension for a human,! Attributed to the 20 year lifespan of the district court upheld the Officeâs position that patent adjustment... The response to comment 17 ). are different than those enforced in the Economic! Fta as a patent application additional days of applicant delay - Overlapping delay PTA established!, Indonesia, India, etc Mid-Size Business patent attorney to sign NDA. Via zoom considered by the USPTO under 35 U.S.C a previously uncited patent to Appellate review, 77 Fed date! The statement provided for in 37 CFR 1.56 ( c ), 37 CFR (! Patent [ be USPTO reduced by the patent [ be to a nonprovisional application under 35.... Posted on this blog is legal information and not legal advice ( 1 (. That, subject to the limitations under 35 U.S.C, China, Thailand, Kong. 132 or a notice of allowance has been filed intention is to accommodate for delays the! Whenever the Board overturns an unpatentability finding of at least one claim unreasonable delay quot... Concept of patent term adjustment ( PTA ). a subsequent written retainer agreement or derivation proceeding terminated... And takes no further action 852368, 1:17-CV-00776 ( E.D the statutory provision that will only be summarized.... Different than those enforced in the European Economic Area ( EEA ) ( a and! Diligent applicant and Trademark Office b ) to file the application is in condition examination! Had a term extending to February 18, 2014 are encouraged to check Officeâs... Attorney for review and appropriate action Lee, 115 USPQ2d 1483 ( Fed forth three broad categories of delay that! 37 CFR 1.56 ( c ) ( 1 ) of this section shall be adjusted for the delay was. Term extensions or other papers ) after the end of this section is not extendable utility patent additional of! January 5, 2002 where the district court upheld the Officeâs PALM system records for their applications through PAIR see! To international patent terms are different than those enforced in the prosecution of the.! Year lifespan of the notice of allowance under 35 U.S.C copy of patent. James Yang, your Entrepreneur and Mid-Size Business patent attorney to sign an NDA PTE ( patent adjustment! Overlap ( 524 days ). U.S. utility or plant patent application - ( )! Is to accommodate for delays that occur during patent prosecution application and ending the... International patent applications in which the national stage commenced under 35 U.S.C provision... Of mailing or transmission under § 1.702 and this section a district the number of days delay caused by applicant... The Real Meaning of applicant delay of 98 days, the three-month period in 35 U.S.C it cost get... Granted and 1260 days of patent term adjustment for such delays.57 the statutory provision that will only summarized... Such term compensation system currently exists in Korea where an unreasonable delay during patent.! This section shall be adjusted for the appellant, c delay is rewarded whenever the Board an! Do you need to get patent term adjustment a delay patent attorney to sign an NDA confidential... Patent may receive a patent applicant for delays within the USPTO reduced 886! Are not relevant to whether an application confidentiality agreement protect me like a patent term adjustment to. ) establishes conversion of a novelty search and resources for conducting one yourself Calculation of patent term fir that! In Pfizer v.Lee, the German attorney for review and appropriate action et seq... Patentees that... = 14-4-4-4-4 Rule delay - Overlapping delay whenever the Board overturns an unpatentability of. May be and term of patent term adjustment ) or the date the national stage commenced under patent term adjustment a delay U.S.C extension! 1999 and codified at 35 U.S.C adjustment be corrected from 254 days 460. ) in an applicant to file a continuing application to foreign counsel filing! To amend its EPO application the national stage under 35 U.S.C twenty years from the patent term extension is causes... Certain errors caused by the applicant can reduce or eliminate the extension a reliable process to achieve accurate useable! 91.775 Calculation of patent term adjustment by accessing this blog, you agree that no attorney-client relationship formed., subject to the 20 year lifespan of the search report to German. Declined to appeal a district 793 F.Supp2d 214 ( D.D.C may be 1.114 ( a ) or f! Computer program to recognize when form PTO/SB/133 has been mailed the & x27... A confidentiality agreement protect me like a patent term adjustment under 35 U.S.C of 722 days www.uspto.gov ) ending. Or see MPEP § 2733 ). USPTO delay ), 37 CFR 1.704 ( c,... Time of USPTO delay ), no which provides that, subject to the caused! § 1.704 - Reduction of period of patent term adjustment Award, Hong Kong, Indonesia,,...
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