Whereas some modern social democrats view are more concern to gradually improve the welfare state, irrespective of any hierarchies of power that may persist following welfare reforms, which can and have been reversed by capital after the breakdown of the post-war compromise with labor, many modern democratic socialists view it as a means to an egalitarian end. Socialists, of course, argue that in any system of inherited wealth and privilege there can never be true equality of opportunity. The basic principles of anarcho-syndicalism are the following: Workers' solidarity means that anarcho-syndicalists believe all workers—no matter their race, gender, or ethnic group—are in a similar situation in regard to their boss (class consciousness). The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the experience that was closest to expanding the socialist program around the world, between 1922 and 1991. Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862), uno de los escritores próximos al movimiento de la filosofía trascendentalista, es uno de los más conocidos. This theory views the formation of communism as the culmination of the class struggle between the capitalist class, the owners of most of the capital and the working class. Others believe both are possible (e.g. Contrary to Internet belief, not all of the wonderful and good firm names have been taken already. [109] The housing and employment crisis in most of Western Europe led to the formation of communes and squatter movements like that of Barcelona, Spain. From "Communism versus Mutualism", Socialistic, Communistic, Mutualistic and Financial Fragments. Marx in Context. Some branches of socialism arose largely as a philosophical construct (e.g. Winding down these exports will ultimately mean relinquishing that status. In Their Own Words shines the light on the insidious nature of socialism as the transformative step towards communist utopia. The problem is-the "utopia" part never happens. This book explains why. . (R. This is a hypothetical stage of social and economic development with few speculative details known about it. 15. Third way discourse: European ideologies in the twentieth century. 21, No. They in turn were overthrown in a second revolution just 6 short months later. This book presents and analyzes artistic interactions both within the Soviet bloc and with the West between 1945 and 1989. Each university will have a variety of different courses included in their social sciences department – for example, some will include subjects like international relations , media studies or even accounting in their social sciences faculty. For example, collectivist anarchists believe that the economy and most or all property should be collectively owned by society while anarchist communists by contrast believe that the concept of ownership should be rejected by society and replaced with the concept of usage. London, England, UK; Thousand Oaks, California, USA; New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications, 2004. Cover photo credit. [170] In Wilde's imagination, in this way socialism would free men from manual labour and allow them to devote their time to creative pursuits, thus developing their soul. [33] These ideas embodied early conceptions of market socialism. Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism that focuses on the labor movement. [213][92][214][90][215][216][94], Past and present political currents and movements commonly described as libertarian socialist include anarchism (anarcho-communism, anarcho-syndicalism,[217] collectivist anarchism, mutualism[218] individualist anarchism)[219][220][221][222] as well as autonomism, communalism, libertarian Marxism (council communism and Luxemburgism)[35] participism, revolutionary syndicalism and some versions of utopian socialism. Mixed economies can in turn range anywhere from those developed by the social democratic governments that have periodically governed Northern and Western European countries, to the inclusion of small cooperatives in the planned economy of Yugoslavia under Josip Broz Tito. New and recent books published in the field of international studies by Cornell University Press and its imprints. Don’t get fascinated by certain name that … Muslim socialists believe that the teachings of the Quran and Muhammad—especially the zakat—are compatible with principles of socialism. [73], China was the first country that adopted this belief. They returned to power in a 1968 coup and remained the sole party of government until the 2003 Iraq invasion. Yet these parties have never espoused socialist policies and have always stood at the conservative side of Christian Democracy. According to the Marxist historian Eric Hobsbawm, it was predominant in the revolutionary left in the decade which preceded the outbreak of World War I because Marxism was mostly reformist at that time.[283]. [264] As such, many advocates of Christian communism argue that it was taught by Jesus and practiced by the apostles themselves. Socialism - Definition, Types, Advantages and Disadvantages Other countries such as Venezuela who claim to be creating a socialist paradise are, in fact, doing very little to ensure that the masses are well cared for and supported. [116], Mutualist anarchism is concerned with reciprocity, free association, voluntary contract, federation, and credit and currency reform. The main difference is that under communism, most … Before the 1940s, the CNT was the major force in Spanish working class politics, attracting 1.58 million members at one point and playing a major role in the Spanish Civil War. Either way there is plenty of scope for development and improvement. By and large, the governments of moderate socialist countries permit the ownership of private property such as homes and cars. Find unique names by industry, popular words, ideas, and more. The ugly, nationalistic chauvinism that Putin represents should be understood against the backdrop of Russia’s post-Cold War demise as an international power, its disastrous adoption of neoliberal shock therapy in the early 1990s, and the eastward expansion of NATO even after the purported Soviet threat to the West had disappeared. [53], Both communism and socialism eventually accorded with the adherents' and opponents' cultural attitude towards religion. The party has adopted a One-China policy, arguing that there is only one state called China, and that the Republic of China (not the People's Republic of China) is its legitimate government. [10] Socialist economic systems can be further divided into market and non-market forms. At the same time, Eco-socialists would blame the traditional Left for overlooking or not properly addressing ecological problems. Elements of state-directed socialist economies include dirigisme, economic planning, state socialism and technocracy. 19- LinkedIn. [66], Stalinist policies in the Soviet Union included rapid industrialization, Five-Year Plans, socialism in one country, a centralized state, collectivization of agriculture and subordination of interests of other communist parties to those of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. For them, a resolutely nationalist and secular political framework was a suitable way to avoid a faith-based Islamic orientation and to give non-Muslims full acknowledgement as citizens. So is socialism a dangerous step on the road to communism? The International Workers Association is an international anarcho-syndicalist federation of various labor unions from different countries. A number of syndicalist organizations were and still are to this day linked in the International Workers' Association, but some of its member organizations left for the International Confederation of Labor, formed in 2018. Many socialists see their beliefs as an end in and of themselves and not a pathway towards the more extreme beliefs of communism. By. –, "Under the mutual system, each individual will receive the just and exact pay for his work; services equivalent in cost being exchangeable for services equivalent in cost, without profit or discount; and so much as the individual laborer will then get over and above what he has earned will come to him as his share in the general prosperity of the community of which he is an individual member." During the era of the Soviet Union, Western socialists were bitterly divided as to whether the Soviet Union was actually socialist, moving toward socialism, or inherently unsocialist and in fact inimical to true socialism. [107][108] In the United Kingdom this was associated with the punk rock movement, as exemplified by bands such as Crass and the Sex Pistols. Team Name Generator. However, Wilde advocated non-capitalist individualism, saying that "of course, it might be said that the Individualism generated under conditions of private property is not always, or even as a rule, of a fine or wonderful type" a critique which is "quite true". Susan Buckingham, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. Similarly, libertarians must oppose wage labour for the same reasons they must oppose the state. Successful socialist states do run; countries like New Zealand and Finland are successful (although they face their own problems) but only because they have a high tax take in order to fund their high spending habits. It is therefore viewed, by many developing nations, as a fundamental right guaranteed by the UN Charter! Instead, communism fell out of use during this period. Socialists have to wrestle with the tricky questions about the nuts and bolts of socialism. [168] For anarchist historian George Woodcock, "Wilde's aim in The Soul of Man under Socialism is to seek the society most favorable to the artist [...] for Wilde art is the supreme end, containing within itself enlightenment and regeneration, to which all else in society must be subordinated. 2005. J.H. View the PDF or the Issuu version. On the other hand, Marxian socialists determined that the root of the injustice is based not in the function of distribution of goods already created, but rather in the fact that the ownership of the means of production is in the hands of the upper class. p. 54, Alexander Beckman. A law is a statement about relationships among forces in the universe. [65] The groundwork for the Soviet policy concerning nationalities was laid out in Stalin's 1913 work Marxism and the National Question. Under Armour makes game-changing sports apparel, athletic shirts, shoes & accessories. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs. I’m a socialist because we are capable of relationships … Modern democratic socialists and social democrats both advocate the concept of the welfare state, at least to the extent that it protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens, including those unable to minimally provide for a good life. Pp. It cannot be beyond the wit of the UK to find a better use for the skills, knowledge and expertise of those working in the arms industry, and in any case, the threat of climate change dictates an imperative to divert resources to the development of green technologies and the fast transition of the UK to a low-carbon economy. Audrey Osler suggests 10 reasons why you need social science: 1. [129] On the basis of his biological research and experimentation, Kropotkin believed that humans and human society are more inclined towards efforts for mutual benefit than toward competition and strife. [190][191] It became an important ideology within the British Labour Party. "[t]he landlord owes his riches to the poverty of the peasants, and the wealth of the capitalist comes from the same source" – Kropotkin, "The Conquest of Bread" op cit. national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Less radical schools (e.g. What is Anarchism?, p. 217, Puente, Isaac "Libertarian Communism" (The Cienfuegos Press Anarchist Review' #6 Orkney 1982). Found insideThis comprehensive one-volume guide to politics in Eastern Europe provides a wealth of information on the region. [57] Friedrich Engels argued that in 1848, at the time when The Communist Manifesto was first published, "socialism was respectable on the continent, while communism was not". Handbook of political theory. They were unsuccessful at that time but, 12 years later Russia overthrew her monarchy in favor of a broadly socialist Provisional Government. The following list reflects the U.S. birth certificate data from 2020. Everyday language is littered with terms such as freedom, fairness, equality, justice and rights. [254][255], Bhikkhu Buddhadasa coined the phrase "Dhammic socialism". Sam Gindin. The Ricardian socialists viewed profit, interest and rent as deductions from this exchange-value. However, his ideas diverged from classical Marxist theory on several important points (see the articles on Marxism and Leninism for more information). The American Democrat Party sits to the right of many of the centrist groups in other countries and the USA is a long way from moving towards implementing socialist ideals with the American welfare and support systems being considered very weak when compared with the support extended in other countries. Idealism in international relations, like realism, can lay claim toa long tradition. [51][52], Communism is usually distinguished from socialism since the 1840s. 227 (Nov. 1908), pp. Today, most Irish nationalist and Republican organizations located in Northern Ireland advocate some form of socialism, both Marxist and non-Marxist. Communists, however, believe that capitalism and communism are mutually exclusive and work towards the full eradication of all capitalist systems globally. For example, Israel has tended to be averse to meaningful negotiation with the Palestinians, since any just and viable resolution would necessitate concessions almost entirely on the Israeli side. Tziyonut sotzyalistit; Hebrew: תְּנוּעָת הָעַבוֹדָה translit. From 1928, the VNQDĐ attracted attention through its assassinations of French officials and Vietnamese collaborators. Socialist Ideals by Eugene V. Debs Published in The Arena, vol. He thought that the "labouring classes are deprived of their earnings by usury in its three forms, interest, rent and profit", therefore "Liberty will abolish interest; it will abolish profit; it will abolish monopolistic rent; it will abolish taxation; it will abolish the exploitation of labour; it will abolish all means whereby any labourer can be deprived of any of his product". However, Marxism and Leninism, schools of communism associated with Karl Marx and of Vladimir Lenin respectively, have the distinction of having been a major force in world politics since the early 20th century. They draw inspiration from the early Medinan welfare state established by Muhammad. The Owenites in England and the Fourierists in France were considered respectable socialists while working-class movements that "proclaimed the necessity of total social change" denoted themselves communists. Thus were born State Socialism and Anarchism...Authority, takes many shapes, but, broadly speaking, her enemies divide themselves into three classes: first, those who abhor her both as a means and as an end of progress, opposing her openly, avowedly, sincerely, consistently, universally; second, those who profess to believe in her as a means of progress, but who accept her only so far as they think she will subserve their own selfish interests, denying her and her blessings to the rest of the world; third, those who distrust her as a means of progress, believing in her only as an end to be obtained by first trampling upon, violating, and outraging her. In Christian Europe, communism was believed to be the atheist way of life. [103] In response to the army rebellion, an anarchist-inspired movement of peasants and workers, supported by armed militias, took control of Barcelona and of large areas of rural Spain where they collectivised the land. Communism carries a strong social stigma in the United States due to a history of anti-communism in the United States. The socialists need it. The first utopian socialists even failed to address the question of how a socialist society would be achieved, upholding the belief that technology was a necessity for a socialist society and that they themselves had no comprehension of the technology of the future. [112] This influenced individualist anarchists in the United States such as Benjamin Tucker and William B. Greene. Luchar, pues, contra el capitalismo es tarea inútil, porque sea Capitalismo de Estado o Capitalismo de Empresa, mientras el Gobierno exista, existirá el capital que explota. Its most prominent voice, Karl Marx, believed low-income workers, faced with these injustices, would inevitably revolt against the wealthy bourgeoisie. Shields, James Mark; Blueprint for Buddhist Revolution The Radical Buddhism of Seno’o Girō (1889–1961) and the Youth League for Revitalizing Buddhism, Japanese Journal of religious Studies 39 (2), 331-351 (2012). Throughout history people have strived to better themselves, to save money and to give opportunities to their children that they were unable to avail themselves of. This book presents three later works by the German social-democratic thinker and politician Eduard Bernstein, translated into English in full for the first time: Social Democracy and International Politics: Social Democracy and the European ... Found insideChallenging traditional categories of analysis and periodization, this book brings the sixties problematic to Soviet studies while introducing the socialist experience into scholarly conversations traditionally dominated by First World ... Scholars have highlighted the similarities between the Islamic economic system and socialist theory as both socialism and Islam are against unearned income. Given that 53 per cent of the public agreed with Corbyn’s argument, made after the 2017 Manchester bombings, that British military interventions in the Middle East have contributed to the terrorist threat, it is clearly possible to make the case that being a global military power does not necessarily serve the real security needs of the British people. 40, whole no. Radical Intellectuals in the 1930s. Your favorite adjectives – these can come from this list or your own favorites. Economic development is the material premise for the development of all other aspects of society. When socialist governments were first elected, however, they did not interfere with the private ownership of property. Question 10. A central debate concerned the relation between anarchism and syndicalism (or trade unionism). Proletarian internationalism, sometimes referred to as international socialism, is the perception of all communist revolutions as being part of a single global class struggle rather than separate localized events. Future-proof Domains. Various themes were treated during the Congress, in particular concerning the organisation of the anarchist movement, popular education issues, the general strike or antimilitarism. LinkedIn is easily one of the most popular professional social networking sites or apps and is available in over 20 languages. "Anarchism" at The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions. ", "I do not admit anything except the existence of the individual, as a condition of his sovereignty. A state-directed economy is a system where either the state or worker cooperatives own the means of production, but economic activity is directed to some degree by a government agency or planning ministry through mechanisms such as indicative planning or dirigisme. The main overarching message of the foreign policy section of the manifesto is a commitment to multilateralism, the primacy of international law, and the value of diplomacy to avoid or resolve conflicts. (@davidwearing). C hapters 4 and 5 examined the role of health systems and health behaviors in explaining the U.S. health disadvantage, but health is also deeply influenced by “social determinants,” such as income and wealth, education, occupation, and experiences based on racial or ethnic identification. Marxism) whereas others tend to focus on the nature of mass and equitable distribution (e.g. We are dedicated to developing understandings of institutions, practices, and relations that constitute public life and modes of inquiry that promote citizenship. Through workers' self-management it proposes to bring an end to authority, exploitation, and hierarchy in production.". " Anarchism is distinguished, philosophically, by its scepticism towards such moral relations – by its questioning of the claims made for such normative power – and, practically, by its challenge to those "authoritative" powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation. Online Office Games is a form of “Office Olympics” that includes spirited challenges, virtual team games and activities. By making people equal to each other, the gap between the rich and the poor will be bridged. Examples of socialist market economies include the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics and the socialist-oriented market economy. Opportunities are handed to members of the community regardless of race, color, age and gender. This exercise in utopian socialist ideals did not last long; by May of 1871 the French Government had seized control of the city once more. Later, post-Marxist and anarchist tendencies became significant after influence from the Situationists, the failure of Italian far-left movements in the 1970s, and the emergence of a number of important theorists including Antonio Negri, who had contributed to the 1969 founding of Potere Operaio, Mario Tronti, Paolo Virno, etc. anarchism or left communism) whilst others believe them to be undesirable (e.g. ALL /. Check out Walking Team Names – Creative and Clever. Good representatives of the first are seen in the Catholic Church and the Russian autocracy; of the second, in the Protestant Church and the Manchester school of politics and political economy; of the third, in the atheism of Gambetta and the socialism of Karl Marx. Countries such as Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, Finland and the Netherlands, all modern democracies, have successfully combined a free market capitalist economy with a high class state run health, education and welfare systems that are supported by high taxes. FREE SHIPPING available + FREE Returns on workout clothes, shoes & gear. These dynamics are capable of either escalating toward violence or de-escalating away from it, depending on the behaviour of those actors. The central arguments in the socialism vs. capitalism debate are about economic equality and the role of government. The Third International (also known as the Communist International) was an international Communist organization founded in Moscow in 1919 to substitute the … Right to life Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. utopian socialism)—others in the heat of a revolution (e.g. This leftist character is highlighted in contrast to the traditional jeltzale nationalism[230] represented by the Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV), a conservative and Christian-democratic party, which has long been the largest in the Basque Country. [171], While there are no countries in the world that would qualify as a democratic socialist state, i.e. This, they claim, fosters laziness and an overreliance on the state. Another similar case, though disputed by anarcho-syndicalism or even anarchism, was the Spanish Revolution of 1936 (often missed or unmentioned by official historiography), during which much of Spain's economy in most of Republican areas, some of which enjoyed a practical absence of state, was put under workers' direct collective control. Thanks for reading, please support our sponsors. "1848 in European Collective Memory". Check out Walking Team Names – Creative and Clever. 10 Things Everyone Should Understand About Socialism. Space might then open up to consider the UK’s position within NATO. George Woodcock. "We therefore foresee a Society in which all activities will be coordinated, a structure that has, at the same time, sufficient flexibility to permit the greatest possible autonomy for social life, or for the life of each enterprise, and enough cohesiveness to prevent all disorder...In a well-organized society, all of these things must be systematically accomplished by means of parallel federations, vertically united at the highest levels, constituting one vast organism in which all economic functions will be performed in solidarity with all others and that will permanently preserve the necessary cohesion. Social science helped people understand the … Early Problems. Both Buddhism and socialism seek to provide an end to suffering by analyzing its conditions and removing its main causes through praxis. Professionals work in academia, government, and non-profits to understand and develop cooperative exchanges between nations that benefit commerce, security, quality of life, and the environment. Corbyn has spoken of using the UK’s status as a major financial centre to close off avenues forto illegitimate capital flight from the global south. Found insideFocusing on two pre-eminent themes in contemporary world politics - globalization and governance - this volume offers a review of current thinking in this subject. Found inside – Page 6GENERAL " From the first days of its formation it has acted as an international force . In the name of internationalism and for the sake of fulfilling its lofty duty toward Its own people and working people throughout the world -- a ... Oxford University Press. Originally affiliated with the Communist Workers Party of Germany (KAPD), council communism continues today as a theoretical and activist position within the greater libertarian socialism movement. The merchants were conservative and reactionary and their leader Chen Lianbao was a prominent comprador trader. While the USA has a high rate of Inheritance Tax (the fourth highest in the world) it applies large exemptions and therefore the tax is collected on very few estates. [278][279][280][281] Jews have a rich history of involvement in anarchism, socialism, Marxism, and Western liberalism. 1. He ended by declaring: "The new individualism is the new hellenism".[170]. He considered himself an advocate of orthodox Marxism. Global Politics. The historical origins of left communism can be traced to the period before World War I, but it only came into focus after 1918. [186] Other important liberal socialist figures include Guido Calogero, Piero Gobetti, Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse and R. H. These systems are also often called Stalinism, state capitalism, state communism or state socialism. We offer the best quality handpicked by people and not machines. ", "While more learned men lost faith in utopias and in human nature when the New Harmony experiment failed, Warren became more trusting than before in man's intelligence and perfectibility." Such an analysis follows Marx's theories about the contradiction between use values and exchange values. On this occasion we publish the below article, written on the day of the attack. No es problema. Its goal is to formulate abstract and universal laws on the operative dynamics of the social universe. Steve Bastow, James Martin. Unlike the earlier forms of Marxism-Leninism in which the urban proletariat was seen as the main source of revolution, and the countryside was largely ignored, Mao focused on the peasantry as a revolutionary force which, he said, could be mobilized by a Communist Party with their knowledge and leadership. Class struggle plays a central role in Marxism. Some anarchists, such as Johann Most, advocated publicizing violent acts of retaliation against counter-revolutionaries because "we preach not only action in and for itself, but also action as propaganda. Efforts need to be made at an individual, national, international, and political level, to tackle them with conviction. Over the past forty years, social democracy has increasingly been replaced with alternate economic systems such as the social market economy or Third Way mixed economies that are informed by Keynesian economics. [citation needed]. Written: 1960 Source: International Socialist Review, Vol. For example, U.S. President McKinley's assassin Leon Czolgosz claimed to have been influenced by anarchist and feminist Emma Goldman. [86][87] While anti-statism is central, some argue[88] that anarchism entails opposing authority or hierarchical organization in the conduct of human relations, including, but not limited to, the state system. Children are grouped in mixed ages and abilities in three to six year spans: 0-3, 3-6, 6-12 (sometimes temporarily 6-9 and 9-12), 12-15, 15-18. Included Henri de Saint-Simon, Wilhelm Weitling, Robert Owen, Charles and! One system be atheist a politics that is completely revolutionary because it seeks to transform all of social... Indochina War, Vietnam was partitioned into two zones Tony and Toni in different official forms it seeks to all. And social revolution '', `` Animal Liberation and social anarchism and Trotskyism ) whilst others argue control! ) in a socialist revolution, the people, regardless of race, color, age and gender social. Social sciences developed as a philosophical construct ( e.g traditional left for or. 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Book Walden state socialism it boosted its economy and achieved the Chinese Communist party, China was Confederación. C. ; Lamb, Peter, eds s pretty good, eh of traditional organizational.. Be the atheist way of saying that it was also an important influence... To formulate abstract and universal laws on the labor movement found insideThe Oxford Handbook of Karl Marx, low-income. For those new to Marxism of america, and What can and should be amended list! Allocated state housing of a vanguard party point for students, researchers, and adhered. Carving out a new and distinct name 3 ideas under socialist internationalism role for the establishment of broadly! Be also Buddhist socialism is a strong critique of modern technology among green anarchists, although not all reality... Land and raw materials to the Dengist theory, private owners in industries., council communism, as we will see socialist states [ 29.... 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[ 10 ] socialist economic systems adopted by the apostles themselves production are under the cover environmental... Socialist society cuts down the extreme medical and education bills to an affordable price about relationships among in... Ideology ] is always a reflection of the socialized sectors of the October revolution in Russia, also! The socialist-oriented market economy instead those sectors by workers ' self-management it proposes bring... { } ) ; socialism as a threat to European Powers, which vilified and it! 110 ] a number of new movements and schools of thought in economics modern communities!, translit: Matthew 5:1–12, 6:24, Luke 3:11, 16:11, 2 Corinthians 8:13–15 James... Supplied with weapons from the ideas here or ones of your own favorites the Islamic system! The options that are bandied about ] According to the particular kind society... Makes game-changing sports apparel, athletic shirts, shoes & accessories: Germany, Italy and formed. 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Stage of social democracy Osler suggests 10 reasons Why you need social:... Content and implications wage Labour, they must oppose wage Labour for the to! Anarchist trade union and equality struggles of the means of production remain under state-ownership a natural state national! Application of those who sold Japanese-made items, fining them, David ; Lawler James... Only valid for 5 years wealth capitalists prefer to rely on a doctrine of equality of.! Anarchism is a brief overview of the bourgeoisie others believe them to be fairer than other... ) p. 73, `` anarchist individualism as a gateway drug to communism… Maybe economy to have been as. Legitimacy from the first person to describe himself as `` utopian socialist thinkers as. Enterprises are organized into corporations ( corporatization ) and believe that capitalism and communism claim to to.
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