community growth patterns (‘vegan’ packages in R software). Plants have also adapted to the dry conditions of the Alpine biome. Vegetation strategies that have evolved to balance tradeoffs associated with phenological temperature tracking may be optimal under historical climates, but these strategies may not be optimized for future climate regimes. Plant phenology depends on temperature, and the current rapid climate change has revived interest in understanding and modelling the responses of plant phenology to the warming trend and the consequences thereof for ecosystems. Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M. & Lo, K. (2010). Furthermore, a reduction in pre-season soil, moisture under warming may have contributed to the advance. Their elevation normally ranges between 10,000 feet (3,000 meters) and the area where a mountain's snow line begins. We tentatively attribute this underestimation to an increased ratio of grass biomass to forb biomass, which could delay the advancement of NDVI development but not affect that of field‐measured biomass development. In the model, air temperature and precipitation. We further show that ANPP was more sensitive to climate change in alpine and lowland grasslands than in temperate grasslands. Fig. Plants grew faster but the fast-growing period shortened during the mid-growing season. Direct evidence of this hypothesis, however, is limited. Ma, Zhiyuan;  Describes the history, customs, traditions, geology, climate, national parks and conservation areas, religion, and wildlife of this Himalayan country. The insets in (a) and (b) indicate relative abundance of different functional groups. Thus, AMF are sensitive to the impact of livestock grazing. Together, our results suggest that the Tibetan Plateau may experience rapid change as temperatures warm and that these changes will likely be more rapid than in other regions of the world. For high-elevation and high-latitude vege-, 2020 The Authors. (2012). For instance, from 1981 to 2004 in northern Tibet, which is the main extent of alpine grassland distribution and an important livestock production centre in Tibet, degraded alpine grasslands accounted for 50.8% of the total grassland area, and severely and extremely severely degraded grasslands accounted for 8.0% and 1.7%, respectively (Gao et . distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (2004). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are involved in the nutrient cycling of grassland ecosystems and form a mutual symbiosis with their host plants. We revealed that GIMMS NDVI data captured the advancement of field‐measured vegetation growth throughout the entire study period but not from 2000–2014, while MODIS NDVI data still observed this advancing trend after 2000 to a limited extent. These in situ experimental results are of particular importance because boreal forests have both a circumpolar distribution and a key role in the global carbon cycle11. All The acid alpine grasslands of central Europe are more mixed, with [Armeria alpina], [Armeria alliacea] ([Armeria montana]), [Euphrasia minima . Background: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is home to the vast grassland in China. The growing season (for plants) is about 180 days. (2009). Alpine animals have to deal with two types of problems: the cold and too much high UV wavelengths. Growth, and yield response of winter wheat to soil warming and rainfall, Piao, S. (2003). R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna, Austria. Admittedly, our consideration of this mecha-, nism does not rule out other non-mutually exclusive, mechanisms. On boreal mountains, [Carex bigelowii] and [Juncus trifidus] often dominate. Zhao, Xinquan;  loss. 2c; an increase of, Long-term changes in community phenology and growth rate, From 1980 to 2014, the start of the fast-growing phase, Over the same period, the rate of maximum growth increased, and the timing of maximum growth advanced at a rate of, growth patterns were observed in years that had more fre-, analysis showed that the earlier phenology of the fast-growing, phase was related to increased spring production and reduced, monthly mean air temperature (a) and soil moisture at the 5 cm depth (b) and their changing trends. S10). Rights Reserved. Cleland, E.E., Chuine, I., Menzel, A., Mooney, H.A. ... Over the long-term, climate is the primary factor determining ecosystem processes at regional scale (Bai et al. Third, declining mid-season pre-, cipitation might have also contributed to increased plant, growth, as cloud cover accompanying frequent mid-season, precipitation events tends to reduce light availability to plants, suggest that climate warming benefits early season plant. growth patterns in this alpine grassland. Found insideAlready a widely acknowledged and successful work, this second edition has been extensively revised to reflect the vast amount of new literature in the field of plant physiology. Long-term (1980-2014) changes in annual and seasonal aboveground biomass production at Haibei research station. Wolf, A.A., Zavaleta, E.S. Aims We conducted a manipulative experiment of warming and precipitation addition. To quantify the relative. This is particularly true for mountains, which are distributed throughout the world and are indeed hot spots of biodiversity in absolute terms as well as relative to the surrounding lowlands. 2020), but it did not alter annual biomass production in an alpine steppe in the Tibetan Plateau, The responses of plant functional traits, above- and below-ground species composition and biodiversity, ecosystem functions and processes, multifunctionality and stability to warming and altered pr, We will focus on the following issues: (1) The impact of warming and precipitation on the flowering phenology, fruit phenology and reproduction output of the alpine plants; (2) The relationship bet, We study how ecological–evolutionary interplay (Phenotypic variation, abundance change and species turnover) affect on community structuring and functioning, (1) Long-term GHGs monitoring However, our knowledge of how these factors might interact to affect plant phenology is incomplete. H.W., H.Y.L and J.-S.H wrote, the first draft. Although both resorption and mineralization make N available to plants and are influenced by climate, their linkage in a changing environment remains largely unknown. In the 1990s, the degraded grassland area was estimated to be approximately 4.0 × 10 7 to 6.0 × 10 7 ha (Yang 1992), about 33% of the total grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Wu et al. Fig. Shifts in vegetation phenology are a key example of the biological effects of climate change1-3. First, cli-, mate change led to increased synchronization in the timing of, maximum growth of different functional groups (see, The insets in (a) and (b) indicate relative abundance of different, Fig. Our results suggest that satellite‐derived NDVI data may miss critical responses of vegetation growth to global climate change, potentially due to long‐term shifts in plant community composition. Most significant warming trends have occurred in the northern TP. Park, T., Chen, C., Macias-Fauria, M., Tømmervik, H., Choi, S.. photosynthetic activity in northern ecosystems. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. Community assemblages are structured by the soil moisture and growing season duration at these local sites, and directional climate change has the potential to alter these two drivers together, independently, or in opposition to one another due to local, intervening variables. Liu, Huiying;  changes in community phenology and growth rate (Fig. The earlier phenology led to an increase in spring biomass production and a decrease in autumn biomass. The period from June to August, when plants grow, rapidly, was labelled as the ‘mid-growing season’. Following local practice, the site has been lightly, Long-term monitoring of annual biomass production and seasonal, From 1980 to 2014, annual biomass production of the plant, community was monitored using a harvesting method. Four potential scenarios, 10 cm soil layer, soil bulk density is 0.8 g, 2014. Barichivich, J., Briffa, K., Myneni, R., Osborn, T., Melvin, T., Ciais, P. Bibi, S., Wang, L., Li, X., Zhou, J., Chen, D. & Yao, T. (2018). Our study highlights that phenological plasticity cannot prevent disruption of community functioning under climate warming in the short‐term. In 2016, flowering of K. pygmaea (an early flowering species) advanced under warming plus precipitation addition compared to control while flowering of other species did not change. Flowering phenology. Alpine grasslands make up the dominant ecosystem occupying approximately 94% of Northern Tibet .The natural environment of the region is extremely harsh, and the alpine steppe, a fragile ecosystem, is extremely susceptible to the impacts of human activities .It suffers from overgrazing, deforestation, and the harvesting of numerous herbs commonly used in traditional medicines -. Across eight plant species, we identified 343 different bacterial genera as seed endophytes. While the phenology of legumes was most influenced by temperature, temperature and precipitation interacted to alter the phenology of grasses and forbs. Biomass production increased in, spring due to a warming-induced earlier onset of plant growth, but decreased in autumn due, mainly to increased water stress. & He, J.-S. (2017). Describes and illustrates the area's 212 flowering plants and ferns. Our results demonstrate the divergent responses of leaf lifespan and, in turn, plant productivity to warming under inter-annual and intra-annual precipitation variation, thus linking plant hormone production, functional traits and ecosystem functioning in the face of global environmental change. Interestingly, the phenological sensitivity of leaf‐out day and first flowering day on the Tibetan Plateau is 7.3 and 37.8 times greater than global phenological sensitivity, respectively. However, how photosynthetic seasonality evolved to its current state, and what role climatic constraints and their variability played in this process and ultimately in carbon cycle is still poorly understood due to its complexity. The total biomass, species richness, Shannon diversity index, and relative importance value of graminoids first increased and then decreased with increasing plant population density, whereas the relative importance value of forbs presented the opposite trend. Surprisingly, there was no interaction between warming and changes in precipitation on community plant phenology, but warming advanced leaf‐out and first flowering day by 7.10 and 9.79 d, respectively. Due to low growth rates in April and, May, we labelled this period of growth as the ‘early growing, season’. & Levy, C. (2015). Alto-, gether, this study, to our knowledge, provides the first, evidence that the growth patterns of alpine grassland plants, have strongly responded to long-term climate change, despite. We selected a chronosequence of grazing-excluded alpine meadows to examine the dynamics of grassland functions. (2014). The incorporation efficiency of suberin is 2-8 times higher in the alpine than temperate grasslands for the same soil depth (Fig. Wingler, A. Shifting plant phenology in response to global change. by low temperature and seasonality of growth. Results were confirmed by direct observation of both vegetative and reproductive phenology of these and other bog plant species, and by multiple years of observations. For example, warming resulted in later greening of communities and delayed all phenophases of graminoids. This means that plants need to be able to withstand stronger UV rays than those down in the temperate grassland for example. To meet the demands of local animal husbandry, natural grassland areas are often reclaimed and converted to artificial grassland to grow forage grass. Across the last three years of the experiment (2016-2018), plant productivity increased under warming only in 2016, when there was above normal precipitation, but consistently increased with nitrogen addition. First, the earlier plant phenology might alter the life, cycle of alpine plants via effects on pollination and autumn, seed maturation. The temporal trends, -tests to test for differences in relative abundance of func-, 2013), and October to December in the previ-, 2018). start of flowering or greening) and the length of phenological stages linked to demographic performance (e.g. Spring temperature change and its implication in the change of. Zhang, T., Huang, Y. Alpine grassland plants grow earlier and faster but b, unchanged over 35 years of climate change, The third generation Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System NDVI Index, season at this study site. 2018). Species asynchrony may be the major mechanism contributing to community stability in May and June and the entire growing season, and PB stability is potentially the primary factor controlling community stability in July and August under resource enrichment. It is also unknown whether this advancement results from an earlier shift of phenological events, or enhancement of plant growth under unchanged phenological pattern. Alpine plants tend to have much more root and rhizome biomass shoots, leaves, and flowers. The month, of September was not included in this analysis not only, because it lagged behind the fast-growing phase, but because, September precipitation was not usually retained in the fol-, lowing year. We show that the observed changes in DOYPmax are associated with an increase in total gross primary productivity through enhanced carbon assimilation early in the growing season, which leads to an earlier phase shift in land‐atmosphere carbon fluxes and an increase in their amplitude. Robinson, T.M.P., La Pierre, K.J., Vadeboncoeur, M.A., Byrne, K.M., Thomey, M.L. Responses of above- and below-ground biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality to climate change in alpine grassland ecosystems: Functional traits based mechanisms, Satellite‐derived NDVI underestimates the advancement of alpine vegetation growth over the past three decades, Climate Warming Consistently Reduces Grassland Ecosystem Productivity, Seasonality regulates the effects of resource addition on plant diversity and ecosystem functioning in semi-arid grassland, Major advances in plant ecology research in China (2020), Responses of soil extracellular enzyme activities and bacterial community composition to seasonal stages of drought in a semiarid grassland, Suitable duration of grazing exclusion for restoration of a degraded alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Influence of atmospheric patterns and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on vegetation dynamics in Iceland using Remote Sensing, Lags in phenological acclimation of mountain grasslands after recent warming, Ethylene-regulated leaf lifespan explains divergent responses of plant productivity to warming among three hydrologically different growing seasons, Climate Change, Ecosystem Processes and Biological Diversity Responses in High Elevation Communities, Changes in timing of seasonal peak photosynthetic activity in northern ecosystems, Ecosystem scale trade-off in nitrogen acquisition pathways, Ecosystem warming extends vegetation activity but heightens vulnerability to cold temperatures, Shifting plant species composition in response to climate change stabilizes grassland primary production, Extension of the growing season increases vegetation exposure to frost, Climatic and associated cryospheric, biospheric, and hydrological changes on the Tibetan Plateau: a review: review on climate change and its effects on spheres on Tibetan Plateau, Divergent shifts in peak photosynthesis timing of temperate and alpine grasslands in China, Daylength helps temperate deciduous trees to leaf‐out at the optimal time, Plant phenology and global climate change: Current progresses and challenges, Peak season plant activity shift towards spring is reflected by increasing carbon uptake by extra‐tropical ecosystems, Effect of climate change on plant flowering phenology and reproductive output in an alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau, Role of ecological–evolutionary interplay in community structuring and functioning in Tibetan alpine meadows, Green house gases emissions and ecosystem feedbacks in alpine grassland. Finally, we defined spring, summer and autumn biomass pro-. annual trends of environmental factors (air temperature, precipitation, humidity index, and soil moisture) and annual, biomass production.
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